Sanjaya Kumar Shah
National Academy for Medical Science, Nepal
Title: Use of serum cancer biomarkers and prevalence of cancer in central Nepal: A tertiary care hospital-based study
Biography
Biography: Sanjaya Kumar Shah
Abstract
Background & Aim: Cancer is one of the major problem worldwide. In Nepal, 30,000 new cases of cancer are diagnosed every year in the country. The burden of cancer is in increasing trend in Nepal. Due to the unavailability of a population-based cancer registry it is difficult to precisely predict of incident rates. However, using hospital-based study cancer incidence can be predicted in Nepal. Biomarker is a biological molecule found in blood, other body fluids or tissue that is a sign of a normal or abnormal process or of a condition or disease. Large numbers of cancer biomarkers are used worldwide but limited number of serum cancer biomarkers are being used in Nepal. Aim of this study was to find out the commonly used cancer biomarkers and prevalence of cancer in central Nepal.
Method: A hospital based retrospective study was conducted. It was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the department of laboratory service of Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal between 14th April 2015 to 15th April 2016. Total 821 samples were included in this study. Serum cancer biomarkers were analyzed in fully automated mini vidas (Biomerieux) CLIA method.
Result: 275 samples were analyzed for breast cancer marker, CA-15.3: 89% were normal and 31% had breast cancer. 219 samples were analyzed for CEA: 71.8% were normal and 28.3% had colon cancer (p<0.05). 106 samples were analyzed for beta HCG: 72.6% were normal and 27.4% had ovarian germ cell tumor. 104 samples were analyzed for CA 19.9: 64.4% were normal and 35.6% had colorectal cancer. 61 samples were analyzed for PSA: 60.7% were normal and 39.3% prostate cancer. 196 samples were analyzed for CA125: 61.7% were normal and had 38.3% ovarian cancer (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation with age above 60 years and ovarian cancer. 61 samples were analyzed for AFP. 80.3% were normal and 19.7 % had benign liver disease (p<0.05).
Conclusions: This study revealed that commonly used serum cancer biomarkers are CA 15.3, CEA, Beta HCG, CA19.9, PSA, CA125 and AFP. Prevalence of breast cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and benign liver disease relatively significant in number and above 50 years female are more prevalent to the ovarian cancer. Continual future research and large sample size is warranted to study for more significant result.