Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cardiac biochemistry refers to the biochemical processes and characteristics that underlie both healthy circulatory performance and conditions like coronary failure. The use of the circulatory system and, thus, the biochemistry of grafts.

A subfield of chemistry called computational chemistry may make use of simulation to help with chemical problem-solving. The study of the chemistry in biology is known as biochemistry. Understanding how proteins are translated, peptide bonds are created, macromolecular interactions take place, the cell produces metabolites, and other such concepts are covered.

In terms of technology, clinical pathology has also advanced. Recently, picture digitising technology has been developed, making it simpler for lab technicians and viewers of the results.

Research on COVID 19 is being conducted in a number of biochemistry laboratories for a variety of reasons, including studying how the virus interacts chemically with different substances in the body and for medicinal purposes. Numerous studies produced promising findings that aided in the development of vaccines.

Biochemistry, often known as biological chemistry, is the study of chemical reactions that take place inside and around living things. Biochemical processes contribute to the complexity of life by regulating the flow of information through biochemical signalling and, consequently, the flow of energy through metabolism. Biochemical research is presently being conducted in the majority of the life sciences, including botany, medicine, and genetics. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has grown so successful at understanding biological processes.

Based on cutting-edge therapeutic targets, molecular enzymology is used to develop and synthesise enzymes to address significant unmet medical needs. Innovative therapeutic targets are backed by the work of engineering and synthesising enzymes and high unmet medical demand. The field of molecular enzymology is interested in all aspects of enzymes, including their discovery, structure, mechanisms, cellular and metabolic functions, use in biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications, drug discovery, biochemical aspects of enzymes, bioinformatics, computational analysis, molecular modelling studies, new techniques for enzyme expression and purification, bio catalysis, and bio molecular engineering.

Lipid metabolism is the process of breaking down or storing lipids for energy; these fats can be ingested and absorbed from food or they can be produced by an animal's liver.

The field of medical biology is concerned with the physical and chemical properties of genes and how they are expressed, which affects how an organism develops and is maintained. The field of medical genetics is very new, and at this point, it is used to explain the causes of many inherited disorders. Health conditions like mannosidosis and galactosemia occur because of the lack of a specific protein or enzyme that prevents the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and, as a result, manifests clinical symptoms. These conditions are similar to haemophilia, which results in the generation of unreliable proteins. Approximately 200 "inborn errors" of metabolism in animals have been identified.

Since cell and biology aims to understand life and cellular activities at the molecular level, it is an interdisciplinary discipline of study that also works with the domains of chemistry, structure, and biology.

A branch of biochemistry known as structural biochemistry is primarily concerned with the structural properties of molecules found inside of cells and in other living things. The primary focus is on the structural underpinnings of basic biological activities. It entails researching the composition of large molecules. Both big data sets of structural information and methods for determining structure are included. A few tools will be used to research certain classes of structures, such as membranes, regulatory proteins, and structural proteins. These structural macromolecules will serve as the basis for discussions on domains, motifs, structural homology, and other topics, as well as how particular biological issues are frequently resolved at the atomic level.

The mitochondrion, the chloroplast, the ribosome, and the replication and transcription complexes are all made up of nanostructures, which are the basic machines that power the cell's histones and proteasomes. Nanostructures are the pores and templates of zeolites and other crucially important structures in catalysis. The highest length scale over which a crystal may frequently be rendered virtually flawless is the nanometre. A completely new generation of sophisticated composites is possible if it is possible to perfectly control how impurities and imperfections interact with one another and therefore merge flawless inorganic and organic nanostructures.

The study of viruses at the molecular level is known as molecular virology. In host cells, viruses multiply as sub microscopic parasites. Viruses have more biological diversity than the rest of the bacterial, plant, and animal kingdoms put together because they can successfully infect and parasitize a wide range of life forms, including microbes, plants, and animals. The key to a greater understanding of how viruses interact with their hosts, multiply inside of them, and cause diseases is studying this diversity.

The study of Nano scale structures also involves the use of components or systems that are 109 times smaller than conventional components. Nano biochemistry was launched as a result of the consolidation of these two technologies. This biology and applied science knowledge base will result in a variety of creative tools. Engineering has been used in biological sciences to create materials and equipment that work very specifically at specific locations within the body. This is probably common practise for target cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications that aim for the best possible therapeutic results without any side effects.

The perception of the method by which eating affects human health & illness condition is maintained by nutritional biochemistry. The qualities of nutrients, various dietary substitutes, and the investigation of their physiological, metabolic, biochemical, and genetic roles are its main contributions. With its main applications in clinical chemistry, biology, toxicology, laboratory immunology, and medicine, clinical biochemistry uses a fair variety of analytical techniques for disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and cure.

The area of medicine known as medicinal biochemistry deals with the metabolism and biochemistry of human health and disease. Medical chemists are trained in the management and operation of clinical biochemistry laboratories, and they serve as experts in every facet of their utilisation. The science of pharmaceuticals, their clinical applications, and the investigation of their negative effects on living things are the main topics. It offers a comprehensive understanding of all molecular chemical reactions taking place in live cells and connected to drug activity. Obtaining information about the side effects, molecular targets, and characteristics of a drug or other chemical agent in living cells and organisms is also helpful.

A branch of science known as pharmacology deals with the development, chemistry, composition, identification, biological and physical effects, applications, and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Pharmacology is frequently confused with pharmacy, a field that may involve the manufacturing and distribution of medications. Toxicology is a field of biology, chemistry, and medicine that focuses on understanding how chemicals affect living things negatively. Additionally, it investigates the damaging results of chemical, biological, and physical agents in biological systems that determine the severity of harm to living things.

Animal biochemistry is the study of the different chemical processes that are constantly taking place within an animal's body. In addition to being an important area of basic science that explains the molecular function of plants, plant biochemistry is also a branch of engineering that has the potential to help solve issues in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. It is anticipated that in the future, gene technology will lead to a significant increase in the utilisation of plants as a source of sustainable staple for industrial uses. As a result, this volume describes the methods and applications of gene splicing for improving crop plants and supplying sustainable raw materials for the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors. Included are the most recent research findings and topics for additional study is noted.

The majority of a cell's molecular machinery is provided by proteins. There are numerous enzymes or enzyme components. Alternative proteins form the struts and joints of the structure, among other structural or mechanical functions. Every macromolecule is made up of linear amino acid polymers. A study of the biochemical elements present in a cell or other biological sample can be referred to as analytical biochemistry. For the separation, identification, quantification, and practical characterisation of biological molecules such nucleic acids, enzymes, proteins, pigments, carbohydrates, and others, this field employs a wide range of techniques.

A subfield of biology, biochemistry, and biophysics is structural biochemistry. The study of the three-dimensional structures of physiologically significant molecules and macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, is known as structural biology. These molecules' 3D structures in general define their functions. Even with the most sophisticated light microscopes, biomolecules are too tiny to be observed closely.

Structural biology, working from both experimentally solved structures and computer models, with generalisations about macromolecular 3D structure, such as comparisons of overall folds and native motifs, rules of molecular folding, evolution, and binding interactions, and structure/function relationships Structural biology is a field of biology, biochemistry, and biophysics that studies how biological macromolecules, particularly amino and nucleic acids, acquire their structures and how changes to those structures affect how those molecules operate.

The field of molecular enzymology is interested in all aspects of enzymes, including their discovery, structure, mechanisms, cellular and metabolic functions, use in biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications, drug discovery, biochemical aspects of enzymes, bioinformatics, computational analysis, molecular modelling studies, new techniques for enzyme expression and purification, bio catalysis, and bio molecular engineering.