3^rd International Conference on Biochemistry & Molecular Biology May 16-17, 2018 Singapore

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Ali Saad is currently a Specialist of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, working in field for 12 years with continuous medical education programs and courses with weekly presentations.

Abstract:

Aim: Use of Precedex medication for procedural sedation in non-intubated patients prior to or during surgical procedures.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Start loading dosage of 0.5-1 mcg/kg IV over 10 minutes then maintenance of 0.2-0.4 mcg/kg/hr. IV titrate to effect (Generally, initiate at 0.5-1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion initiated at 0.6 mcg/kg/hour and titrated to achieve desired clinical effect with doses ranging from 0.2 to 1 mcg/kg/hour). Target population were adults.

Findings: 41 cases observed for vital signs, depth of sedation, pt. response and arousal effect. Results showed that 30 cases got good smooth deep sedation without complications. 11 cases got low blood pressures with low heart rates needed stopping of infusion and medications.

Conclusion & Significance: Precedex dosing should be individualized and titrated to desired clinical response. It should be administered using a controlled infusion device with full monitoring devices and oxygen supplement.

Biography:

Muhammad Usman is an Agricultural Scientist with specialization of agricultural, food and biochemistry. He is the Former Director General of Agricultural Research System, Government of Pakistan who retired with about 35 years with senior level experience on research and development of integrated agricultural production and industries on a sustainable way. He is working on the yield and quality of various products and published several research papers. He has established ‘Prominent Agro Based Industries SDN BHD’, ‘Agro Based Industries and Consultancy SDN BHD’ in Malaysia and ‘Foundation for Rural Development in Pakistan’, with primarily aims to work on integrated agricultural project for Rural Development through improvement in agriculture and consultancy services to the formers at Malaysia. Also, he is considered as the senior most scientist in the world, has participated in the international conferences as a Keynote Speech, Renowned Speaker, Organizing Committee Member as well as Moderator of the conferences around the world.

Abstract:

The title of presentation consist of biochemistry, molecular biology, health, poverty and hunger were studied to find out the role of biochemistry and molecular biology in the improvement of health as well as reduction of poverty and hunger in the world. Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. Molecular biology is the branch of biology that deals with the physical and chemical interactions of molecules involved in life functions. It is a laboratory-based science that brings together biology and chemistry. By using chemical knowledge and techniques, biochemists can understand and solve biological problems. Biochemistry plays an important role in nutrition, health and deals with body substance like enzymes, carbohydrates, amino acids, fats, proteins, hormones, DNA, RNA, pigments, etc. It is used in clinical diagnosis, manufacture of various biological products, treatment of diseases, nutrition, agriculture, etc. Biochemistry is the study of biological processes that occur in cells and organisms. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are the most common biological molecules studied by biochemists. Biochemistry also encompasses the science of molecular biology. This includes immunochemistry, neurochemistry and bioinorganic, bioorganic and biophysical chemistry. Biochemistry is applied in various areas, including medicine, dentistry, industry, agriculture and food science. In the light of the above study it is reported that biochemistry absorbing millions of technical and nontechnical people, create employment, generate income which consequently reduced poverty and hunger in the world. Keeping in view the importance of the biochemistry on sustainable way, it is proposed to commercialize all the field of the biochemistry in the world as it is the most powerful and sustainable tool for reducing global poverty and hunger in the world. It is also concluded that biochemistry and molecular biology is responsible for the life of human being, but in the absence of biochemistry, life is almost impossible in the world.

Biography:

Sanjaya Kumar Shah is an Assistant Professor in National Academy for Medical Science, Purbanchal University, Nepal. He is a corresponding member of Committee of Clinical Laboratory management of International federation for Clinical Chemistry and laboratory medicine. He is the Founder/Central Committee Member of Nepalese Association for Clinical Chemistry Nepal. He is working as a Researcher at Center for Biomedical Research, Kathmandu Nepal. He is currently pursuing Doctorate degree as a Research Scholar from Assam Down Town University, India.

Abstract:

Background & Aim: Cancer is one of the major problem worldwide. In Nepal, 30,000 new cases of cancer are diagnosed every year in the country. The burden of cancer is in increasing trend in Nepal. Due to the unavailability of a population-based cancer registry it is difficult to precisely predict of incident rates. However, using hospital-based study cancer incidence can be predicted in Nepal. Biomarker is a biological molecule found in blood, other body fluids or tissue that is a sign of a normal or abnormal process or of a condition or disease. Large numbers of cancer biomarkers are used worldwide but limited number of serum cancer biomarkers are being used in Nepal. Aim of this study was to find out the commonly used cancer biomarkers and prevalence of cancer in central Nepal.

Method: A hospital based retrospective study was conducted. It was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the department of laboratory service of Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal between 14^th April 2015 to 15^th April 2016. Total 821 samples were included in this study. Serum cancer biomarkers were analyzed in fully automated mini vidas (Biomerieux) CLIA method.

Result: 275 samples were analyzed for breast cancer marker, CA-15.3: 89% were normal and 31% had breast cancer. 219 samples were analyzed for CEA: 71.8% were normal and 28.3% had colon cancer (p<0.05). 106 samples were analyzed for beta HCG: 72.6% were normal and 27.4% had ovarian germ cell tumor. 104 samples were analyzed for CA 19.9: 64.4% were normal and 35.6% had colorectal cancer. 61 samples were analyzed for PSA: 60.7% were normal and 39.3% prostate cancer. 196 samples were analyzed for CA125: 61.7% were normal and had 38.3% ovarian cancer (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation with age above 60 years and ovarian cancer. 61 samples were analyzed for AFP. 80.3% were normal and 19.7 % had benign liver disease (p<0.05).

Conclusions: This study revealed that commonly used serum cancer biomarkers are CA 15.3, CEA, Beta HCG, CA19.9, PSA, CA125 and AFP. Prevalence of breast cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and benign liver disease relatively significant in number and above 50 years female are more prevalent to the ovarian cancer. Continual future research and large sample size is warranted to study for more significant result.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes has completed his PhD from University of Goettingen. He has 10 years experiences in biotech and pharma companies. He is a Professor for Physical Biochemistry and has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and holds more than 10 patents and patent applications.

Abstract:

Performing kinetic studies on protein ligand interactions provides important information on complex formation and dissociation. Beside kinetic parameters such as association rates and residence times, kinetic experiments also reveal insights into reaction mechanisms. We developed several types of homogeneous fluorescence-based assays to elucidate the binding mechanism of inhibitors to human and bacterial members of the histone deacetylase protein family. A global fit procedure will be presented which integrates equilibrium titration and kinetic data to analyze the underlying mechanism of interaction. Independently determined equilibrium parameters and the apparent dissociation rate of the tracer are employed to set constraints on the flexible parameters (e.g. rate constants) during the fitting process of the kinetic time courses. Two different modes of action, simple one-step binding and a two-step mechanism comprising initial binding and induced fit, are verified. In contrast to the bacterial HDAH, all compounds bind to human HDAC1, HDAC6 and HDAC8 through a two-step induced fit mechanism. Arguments will be provided for the thesis that the relationship between quantitative kinetic and mechanistic information and chemical structures of active substances will serve as a valuable tool for drug optimization.

Biography:

Mihir Y Parmar is a Certified Associate Professor of Pharmacology with over 10 years of pharmaceutical experience in research and academy. His research interests include evaluation of drug induced liver injury, Diabetes Mellitus, nephrotoxicity, complementary and alternative medicines and many more. He has over 30 international publications in reputed journal. He is presently the Reviewer for Human and Experimental Toxicology Journal and Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition.

Abstract:

Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins, expressed at low levels under normal conditions. Heat shock proteins significantly induced in response to cellular stresses and lead to heat shock response, which could help cancer cells to adapt to stress conditions. As molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins play critical roles in protein homeostasis, apoptosis, invasion and cellular signaling transduction. A heat shock protein over expression is widely reported in many human cancers due to constant stress condition in tumor microenvironment. Heat shock proteins often associated with poor prognosis in many types of human cancers. Up regulation of heat shock proteins may serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Targeting heat shock proteins with specific inhibitor alone or in combination with chemotherapy regimens holds promise for the improvement of outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In addition, our study suggests progression and challenges in targeting these heat shock proteins as novel therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Pattaya Seeree is currently a PhD student in Department of Biology at Mahidol University, Thailand. She has received her Bachelor’s degree in Biomedical Science in 2010 at Griffith University, Australia, followed by Master’s degree in Biotechnology at Queensland, University of Technology, Australia. She is a Recipient of National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) scholarship for her PhD research funding. She has her expertise in cancer biology and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Her work is focused on cholesterol transporters in term of their molecular biology, roles and as a possible biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem & Purpose: Epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is high in Thailand and Southeast Asia. It is highly aggressive and poorly studied. In this investigation, the role of cholesterol transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1 and ABCG1 are studied in HuCCA-1 cell line. ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters are suspected to play a role in CCA lipid homeostasis.
Methodology: The expression and localization of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were investigated by western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The functions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in CCA cells were examined out by cholesterol efflux assay to specific cholesterol acceptor and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). ABCG1 transporter was down regulated using siRNA interference. Cell phenotypic changes such as cell migration and cholesterol export ability were observed by wound healing and cholesterol efflux experiments, respectively.
Findings: ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters were expressed in HuCCA-1 cells. Correspondingly, localization of ABCA1 was exhibited around the nucleus while ABCG1 pattern was more scattered throughout cytoplasm. Moreover, cholesterol exports via ABCA1 and ABCG1 to HDL were observed. While ABCG1 level was down regulated, the retention of ABCA1 expression was illustrated. Comparable level of cell migration was displayed between control and ABCG1 silenced cells. In addition, there were no change in cholesterol efflux to HDL among these treatments.
Conclusion & Significance: This research indicated the expressions and cholesterol export function of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in CCA. While silencing ABCG1, there was no obvious cell phenotypic characteristics such as wound healing and cholesterol efflux. This hints the possible and predominant role of ABCA1 transporter in CCA which requires further study. This investigation sheds light on cholesterol biology and possible therapeutic target in CCA.

Biography:

Sadia Tabassum has received her PhD in Human Genetics and presently, she is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan. She is working on several projects regarding women health care. Currently, her basic focus is on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and Diabetes in female population of Pakistan, where she is intended to devise a valid diagnostic marker for PCOS and related insulin resistance in addition to the treatment of diabetes.

Abstract:

Statement of Problem & Aim: The available pharmacological agents possess several undesirable side effects on diabetes. Due to fewer side effects and more effectiveness the demand of herbal medicine has been elevated for this chronic disorder. Hence, current study aimed to evaluate the synergetic activity of Achyranthes bidentata and Verbascum thapsus in alloxan induced diabetic albino mice.
Methodology: Plant’s extracts were orally administered to male albino mice. Alloxan monohydrate was used to induce diabetes. Overnight fasting mice blood sugar level and body weight were calculated on weekly intervals for up to 5 weeks. Other parameters i.e. lipid, liver and renal profiles were monitored after oral administration of extracts for 35 days.
Findings: Daily oral administration of Achyranthes bidentata (300 mg/kg), Verbascum thapsus (300 mg/kg) and combined extracts dose (600 mg/kg) significantly (p>0.05) decreased the fasting blood glucose level besides significantly improved body weight, lipid profile, liver and kidney function and consequently, controlled diabetes after 35 days treatment. Achyranthes bidentata was found more effective than Verbascum thapsus, while results of combined extract dose (600 mg/kg), were highly significant (p>0.001).
Conclusion & Significance: Achyranthes bidentata, Verbascum thapsus and their combined extracts possess antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic property and proved to be effective to improve body weight, liver and kidney function. Whereas, the synergetic treatment of both extracts was proved comparatively more effective. Present investigation will contribute to the therapeutic exploitation of the natural resources against deadly chronic disorder and will open a new avenue for pharmaceutical industry.

Biography:

G Seghal Kiran is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, India. Her research interests include biofilm and microbiome research. She is working on developing potential molecules to prevent/disrupt biofilm infection. Her ongoing research is focused on to develop quorum-quenching mechanism for the disruption of pathogenic biofilms. She has published 55 international publications in impact journals. She has received her Post-doctoral research under the guidance of Prof. Alan Dobson, University College Cork through EMBO and ICMR International fellowship programs. She is a Recipient of DST-Young Scientist award and National Academy of Science Platinum Jubilee Young Scientist award for the outstanding contribution in Biological Sciences.

Abstract:

Biofilm is a sessile microbial community of stable and prolonged infection process gained by the formation of a matrix composed of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). More than 65% of the bacterial and candida infections are caused by biofilms. Bacterial/candida occurring in biofilms are 10 to 1,000-fold more resistant to antibiotics, lead to serious clinical problems and particularly escapes from host immune system. Spectrum of antibiotic resistance reached pandrug-resistance with no drug of choice for treatment infections caused by pandrug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, now anti-virulence methods are obviously considered as alternate treatment methods to contain pandrug-pathogens. Based on the above reasons, novel antibiofilm compounds are required for the prevention/control of pathogenic microbial biofilms which forms on the surfaces, medical implants and in the hosts. Marine ecosystems are potential repertoires of bioactive compounds. Some of these natural products are reported to be effective in controlling detrimental biofilms. Marine epibiotic bacteria live in a highly competitive environment where they encounter a limitation for space. Especially, marine sponges produce specific deterrents to ward off biofilm-forming microorganisms. To colonize a surface and to ward-off competition, they often produce bioactive compounds and thus play an important role in marine ecology. Although bioactive compounds from marine microorganisms have been exploited for decades and their applications in treating detrimental biofilms is an area that is relatively less-explored. In this study, we screened sponge-associated bacteria and sponge metagenomic library for diverse biological functionalities. During screening, we observed one unique potential of sponge associated actinobacteria, i.e., potential biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers. After surveying the literature, we found the marine actinobacteria in general has not been explored to produce biosurfactants. The lipopeptide biosurfactant (bioemulsifier) would be an ideal lead compound for the development of novel antibiofilm drug. The biosurfactants developed from the marine actinobacteria found to have antimicrobial activity, biofilm disruption potential and quorum-quenching activity.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Sadettin Selçuk Baysal is an Interventional Cardiologist. He has been working for five years as a Specialist in Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital in Turkey. He is interested in interventional cardiology, echocardiography and pathophysiology of coronary artery diseases and he has been carrying out studies in these areas.

Abstract:

Aim: Endothelial dysfunction may play an important role in the evolution of Coronary Artery Ectasia (CAE). Endocan and thrombomodulin (TM) are two biomarkers released from the endothelium that are associated with dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate the levels of these markers in patients with isolated CAE.

Method: 32 patients with isolated CAE and 35 sex and age-matched control patients with normal coronary angiograms were enrolled. Serum endocan and TM concentrations were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Result: The basal characteristics of the two groups were similar. Both endocan (1.19±0.18 vs. 1.07±0.15 ng/ml; p=0.006) and TM (687.28±150.85 vs. 571.27±171.23 pg/ml; p=0.007) were significantly increased in the CAE group compared to controls. However, no significant differences were detected in the concentration of these markers when we grouped the subjects according to the Markis classification.

Conclusion: We found higher endocan and TM levels in isolated CAE patients. However, these markers were not associated with CAE severity as assessed using the Markis classification. The results suggest that these markers play an important role in the development of isolated CAE.

Biography:

Bolormaa Vandanmagsar has graduated from Russian State Medical University in Moscow, Russia and has received her PhD at the School of Medicine, People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia. She has further completed her Postdoctoral training at the School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea and National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Currently, she is an Assistant Professor at the Gene-Nutrient Interaction Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Louisiana, USA. Her research focuses on obesity, obesity-associated metabolic diseases such as type-2 diabetes, obesity-induced insulin resistance and obesity-associated inflammation.

Abstract:

Fatty acids are the primary fuel source for skeletal muscle function. On the other hand, impaired fatty acid oxidation is associated with insulin resistance. To investigate the role of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in the development of obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance, we created a mouse model by deleting Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b specifically in skeletal muscle (Cpt1b^m-/-). CPT1B is enzyme that transports long-chain fatty acid into mitochondria, thus it is essential for β-oxidation in muscle. Since Cpt1b-deletion impaired fatty acid oxidation, we expected Cpt1b^m-/- mice to be obese and diabetic. Surprisingly, Cpt1b^m-/- mice manifest increased glucose utilization and are resistant to diet-induced obesity. We found that inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation induces FGF21 expression specifically in skeletal muscle and FGF21 increases glucose uptake in muscle in a paracrine manner. Furthermore, secretion of FGF21 from muscle increases circulating FGF21 level, thus acts systemically remodeling metabolism in white adipose tissue. However, FGF21 appears partially responsible for the phenotype of resistant to obesity in Cpt1b^m-/- mice. Also, we found that AMPK and Akt1 signaling pathways are involved in the induction of FGF21 in Cpt1b-deficient skeletal muscle. Altogether, our findings suggest that pharmacologically targeted CPT1b inhibition specifically in skeletal muscle could trigger favorable adaptive responses, resulting in improved glucose uptake and reduced fat mass.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan is presently pursuing PhD in Biochemistry from University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He has national and international research publication and has his expertise in biochemical and clinical research and on different biochemical, clinical techniques. Presently, he is working as a Sr. Lecturer of Biochemistry in Allied Health Sciences department, Minhaj University, Pakistan.

Abstract:

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) a prototypical inflammatory joint disease characterized by inflammation of the tissues lining the joint (synovium). Radical species with oxidative activity, Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) symbolize the intermediaries and effectors of cartilage break. Meticulously, RANKL appears to be the pathogenic principle that causes bone and cartilage devastation in arthritis.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to estimate the biochemical and anti-oxidative status in patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).
Methodology: It was comparative study. 5.0 ml blood sample of 60 diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients and 50 healthy individuals was taken from vein in clotted gel vials from orthopedic department of Mayo Hospital and Jinnah Hospital. Reduce Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), estimation of Nitric Oxide (NO), estimation of micronutrients (Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Vitamin E), and electrolytes
concentration by flame photometer (Na⁺ and K⁺) were estimated.
Result: The spectrophotometric reading of samples portrays that MDA level in Rheumatoid arthritis patients remarkably inflated than normal person (14.19±0.16) while in healthy individual is extremely low (3.26±0.27) and statistically significant (P=0.000<0.05). The level of GSH reduced (0.56±0.20) as compared to normal individual (6.39±0.20). The CAT level is moderately elevated in patients (6.92±0.11) than normal person (4.80±1.02). Results parade the amount of SOD that is elevated in patients (12.04±1.03) though it was high as compared to normal people (2.15±0.33). The Vitamin A level in patients (0.15±0.21) than normal person (7.21±0.04). This indicates that data is statistically significant (P꞊0.000<0.05).
Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species play vital role in bone disorder (Rheumatoid Arthritis). It has been reported that elevated Lipid peroxidation cause increased MDA level and reduced glutathione were associated with the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Biography:

Zeemal Seemab Amin is currently pursuing PhD in Biochemistry from University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. She has her expertise in Biochemical and Clinical research and on different techniques. Presently, she is working as a Lecturer of Biochemistry in Allied Health Sciences department, Minhaj University Lahore.

Abstract:

Background: β-thalassemia, one of the two primary kinds of thalassemia, is a typical hereditary issue. Transformations, influencing the different levels of β-globin quality articulation causing β-thalassemia, have been found in an overwhelming number. The most debilitating life-restricting complexity caused by press over-burden in β -thalassemia patients is heart malady caused by myocardial siderosis and 71% of β-thalassemia patients kick the bucket with these cardiovascular difficulties.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biochemical and anti-oxidative status in patients suffering from Thalassemia (RA).
Methodology: It was a comparative study. 5.0 ml blood sample of 60 diagnosed Thalassemia patients and 60 healthy individuals was taken from vein in clotted gel vials from Children Hospital and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Reduce Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), estimation of Nitric Oxide (NO), estimation of micronutrients (Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Vitamin E) and electrolytes concentration by flame photometer (Na⁺ and K⁺), Complete Blood Count (CBC), estimation of total protein, estimation of hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron level was estimated.
Result: The spectrophotometric reading of samples reveals that MDA level in Thalassemia patients remarkably elevated (3.02±0.45) while in healthy individual is (1.29±0.21) and statistically significant (P=0.000<0.05). The level of GSH decreased (0.18±0.14) as compared to normal individual (6.32±0.13). The CAT level is moderately elevated in patients (2.64±0.11) than normal person (4.11±1.02). Results parade the amount of SOD that is elevated in patients (5.33±0.81) while in normal people was (3.21±1.07). The Vitamin E level in patients (2.38±0.59) than normal person (4.33±0.95). Red blood cells also decreased in Thalassemia patients (18.61±3.32) as compared to normal (39.8±7.19). Serum iron level elevated remarkably in patients (131.33±2.56) while in healthy individuals it was (93.21±1.11). This indicates that data is statistically significant (P꞊0.000<0.05).
Conclusion: The expanding level of MDA demonstrates the high rate of lipid peroxidation (oxidative worry) in thalassemic patients. lower the level of RBC, hemoglobin and overloaded iron associated with the pathogenesis of Thalassemia.