3^rd International Conference on Biochemistry & Molecular Biology May 16-17, 2018 Singapore

Biography:

Jaleel Kareem Ahmed has expertise in evaluation in Iron and steel industry. He has registered 3 patents in USA, UK and Iraq about using water in iron industry and wax for storage and transportation Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) and using wax for carburizing of steel. He has also used chlorophyll as gamma ray absorber to protect Iraqi children from cancer and used mechanically red beet juice as scavenger for poisonous heavy metal ions and anticancer and detoxification of urea and uric acid from human body via urine system. In 2013, he was awarded with Scientific Medal from Iraqi Government. In 2014, he got qualified as a member in Who is Who network. He had also served as a Reviewer of Journal of Advances in Polymer Technology/Thomson Reuters.

Abstract:

Chlorophyll extracted from celery using 50% v/v water-methyl alcohol as a solvent. By this method the concentration of chlorophyll was 22.6% with yellowish-green color. This solution showed strongly absorption at 400-210 nm and maximum were at the end of ultra-violet region. This absorption appeared in water, methyl alcohol and acetone, but strongest absorption was in water. No emission spectra were detected in the ultra-violet and visible regions which mean that chlorophyll absorbs radiation and dissipate it as a heat. Several samples of the above solution were radiated by gamma ray from cesium-137 with energy of 0.7 MeV for different intervals (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours). The color of the solution disappeared after two hours radiation while the pH decreases from 6.38 for un-radiated to radiated celery solution 4.17 after 24 hours with liberation of carbon dioxide which indicates destroying of chlorophyll but the absorption at 400-210 nm still exists which reflects the high stability of the group magnesium-four nitrogen atoms (tetrapyrrole) its energy about 3500 kJ mol^-1. The resulted carbon dioxide carries by hemoglobin to expel via lungs similar to that produces by biological activity of the body. Calculation showed that the dosage of two hours radiation in which color of the solution disappeared (Compton effect) was 5.6 kilogray (1 gray=1 Joule per 1 kg sample) absorbed by chlorophyll before color disappear is enough to kill 1120 people weight 75 kg each within 14 days when the whole bodies exposure at one time. The samples glass containers and their white plastic covers of the radiated samples for 4 and 24 hours changed their color to violet may be due to the rearrangement of their physical structures. Others interesting points will appear in the full article. Capsules used as carrier for the chlorophyll to take it by children. Result shows chlorophyll is very good protector from ultra-violate light for food (especially meat) and extend its storage time compared with untreated meat. This is done by covering coating meat with chlorophyll or packed in chlorophyllated bag. Also, aqueous chlorophyll solution shows a good ability to act as protector in nuclear shelter from gamma ray through sandwich panel.

Biography:

Walter Wahli is Professor of Metabolic Disease at Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University and Imperial College London, Singapore. He is also the President of the Council of the Nestle Foundation for the study of problems of nutrition in the world. Prior to these, he was working at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. He is recognized for his contributions to the area of energy metabolism. He is the Co-Discoverer of the transcription factors (PPARs), which are activated by fatty acids and eicosanoids and has provided fundamental insights into their multifaceted functions. His discoveries contributed in advancing the understanding of the molecular signaling of these lipids, which impact most key biological processes in vertebrates, including humans. He was awarded several prizes and recently received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne.

Abstract:

The liver is a key organ of metabolic homeostasis with functions that oscillate in response to food intake. Under the control of PPARα in the mouse, the genes required for lipid catabolism are transcribed before birth so that the neonatal liver has a prompt capacity to extract energy from milk upon suckling. The mechanism involves a fetal glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-PPARα axis in which GR directly regulates the transcriptional activation of PPARα by binding to its promoter. In adult mouse, PPARα deletion impairs fatty acid catabolism, resulting in hepatic lipid accumulation in preclinical models of steatosis. These findings underscore the relevance of hepatic PPARα as a drug target for NAFLD as they show that PPARα plays a central role in the clearance of free fatty acids released from adipocytes, the major source of lipid that accumulate in NAFLD. FGF21 is a hepatokine with beneficial metabolic effects, including control of sucrose preference. It is encoded in Fgf21, a unique hepatic gene that the transcription factors PPARα and ChREBP both regulate to control sugar intake. In fact, ChREBP is required for the expression and secretion of hepatic FGF21 in response to carbohydrate intake. Interestingly, experiments using hepatocyte-specific PPARα knockout mice reveal a physiological role for PPARα in the context of glucose challenge, as ChREBP is unable to induce Fgf21 in the absence of hepatic PPARα. These observations suggest that FGF21’s glucose-mediated response is dependent on both ChREBP and PPARα. Altogether, these findings underscore the relevance of hepatic PPARα as a drug target for NAFLDs as they show that PPARα plays a central role in the clearance of free fatty acids released from adipocytes, the major source of lipid that accumulate in NAFLD. Furthermore, they imply that drug targeting of PPARα may exert part of its beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis by supporting the ChREBP-induced loop controlling sweet preference via FGF21.

Biography:

Abstract: